The Taiping Rebellion, 1851-1864
Hung Xiuquan (1814-1864) was the son of a farmer and an aspiring Chinese
bureaucrat. He came under the influence of Christian missionaries, and reached
the conclusion that he was the younger son of Jesus sent to found the Heavenly
Kingdom on earth. Faced with the collapse of Qing dynasty rule (under Western
onslaught), Hung tapped into the deep millenarianism of the Chinese peasantry
(previously expressed in Buddhist terms) and began a rebellion - the Taiping
Rebellion ("Taiping tien-quo" means the "Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace").
There were many other revolts, but this was by far the most serious. Lasting
from 1851 to1864 it took control of large swerves of south and central China,
including the southern capital of Nanking. There a theocraticmilitary
government was established.
Although it was millenarian in form, the Taiping leaders adopted many policies
which would later become the marks of modernizers in China: prohibition of
opiumsmoking, gambling, the use of tobacco and wine, polygamy, the sale of
slaves, and prostitution. The promoted the equality of the sexes: they
abolished foot-binding and appointed of women as administrators and officers
in the Taiping army. They also tried to abolish the private ownership of land
and property, and they developed a program for the equal distribution of land.
From Franz Michael, The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents, vol. 2,
Documents and Comments (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1971), pp.
313315, 319320.