If that information is correct, do the shows run 7 days a week until they're finished?
In the US, shows does not necessarily run 7 days a week, until they're finished [Great idea, but people normally don't have that kind of time.] What time of day are they aired?
Each time of day is different in different time zones, but they normally are on either 6pm-11pm. Late night is like 12-2am Are they repeated (shown more than once in case some people missed it)?
They only show more then once, if there is a first premiere incase someone missed out on it. Otherwise wait until the first season is over, then repeat it.
Does Asian tv have anything equivalent to the US concept of "prime time", when most of the advertising is done (between 8:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. for most of the US)?
Not really, but most of the shows does fall in the listed times you mentioned. Are there certain times of the day reserved for television that is considered inappropriate for children?
Yes, there is during 11pm-2am these time is mostly reserved for mostly for adults. Does the tv programming on weekends differ from what is shown on weekdays?
Yes, most of the weekends have more movies, instead of tv shows because people who are tired of watching tv shows during weekdays can watched movies now.
Do most tv shows run more than one series/season?
Normally, each new tv show is premiered with a pilot airing. Once the tv broadcasters have enough rating from the new tv show, then gladly released between 13-15 episodes. Normally, they do not released any more new episodes unless fans wanted another continuation; of course agreed by the tv broadcast stations.Or is it common for a show to have one series and then be replaced by something new the next "season"?
Many new shows can easily replaced by another tv show either the lack of ratings or the tv station does not like the contains within the show. My opinion about this is sometimes the good shows or great shows always get shutdown quicker, as for the worst tv show stay on air the longest. Or does Asian tv even have "seasons"?
I am not really sure about Asian tv shows, it seems to me they do it more in boxes at the sametime when they premiere it on air. Slowly, this is becoming common in US tv shows now. I hope this clear up things.
That's probably enough questions for now.